Essay on Period 3 Test - 7186 Words

Period 3 (1754-1800): Multiple Choice Exam Questions 1-4 refer to the following image: Advertisement, Charleston, South Carolina, 1780s 1. Which of the following BEST reflects the perspective of the above image? a. Slaves represent a public health threat. b. The importation of slaves is a legitimate enterprise. c. The importation of slaves needs to be halted d. Smallpox was a continuous danger to Charleston 2. During the 1780s, which of the following was the most widespread crop cultivated by slaves in North America? a. Wheat b. Sugar c. Tobacco d. Cotton 3. Following the American Revolution, many Founding Fathers believed which of the following? a. Slavery would gradually disappear in the United States. b. The freeing of slaves†¦show more content†¦For who are a free people? Not those over whom government is reasonably and equitably exercised but those who live under a government, so constitutionally checked and controlled, that proper provision is made against its being otherwise exercised. The late act is founded on the destruction of constitutional security.†¦ In short, if they have a right to levy a tax of one penny upon us, they have a right to levy a million upon us. For where does that right stop?...To use the words of Mr. Locke, ‘What property have we in that, which another may, by rights take, when he pleases, to himself?’†¦We are therefore—I speak it with grief—I speak with indignation—we are slaves.† John Dickinson, Letter from a Farmer, 1768 John Dickinson, Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies (New York: The Outlook Company, 1903), 75–78. 9. The passage above was written in response to a. calls for a stronger central government. b. British efforts to tax the colonies. c. debates over the issue of slavery. d. the perceived corruption of the British government. 10. Which of the following historical developments most directly precipitated the conditions leading to the argument in the passage above? a. The growth of the Atlantic economy during the 18th century b. The spread of French revolutionary ideas throughout Europe c. The large British debt incurred from the Seven Years’ War d. The indifference of the British government to colonialShow MoreRelatedSubject Consent Forms1108 Words   |  5 PagesForm, the boys shall be over 3 years of age and under 12 years of age (11 years and 364 days old is ok.). The girls shall be over 3 years of age and under 11 years of age (10 years and 364 days old is ok.). They shall be diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency by the physician and be consistent with the slow growth defined in this plan. 2. The concentrations of growth hormone in the blood shall be below 10 ng / ml. It is determined by the two growth hormone challenge tests that, if your child has previouslyRead MoreGraduation Speech : Senior High School1207 Words   |  5 PagesSenior high school Senior high school spans grades 10 through 12, age from 15 through 18 in 3 years study. The main goal of students is to score highly on the national university entrance exams at the end of their third year. Schedule from 7:30 am through 5 pm. Majority students often go to cram school till 9 or 10 PM for extra classes. Subjects are including Literature, Mathematics, English, Science Technology, Chemistry, Physics Earth Sciences, and Technology, Social Studies, Home EconomicsRead MoreECON1320 CML1324 Words   |  6 Pages82 other. Test at the 2.5% level of significance whether changes have occurred during the 1-year period. 1. State the critical value for the test. 2. Find the value of the test statistic (to 3 dec pl). 3. Can we conclude that the proportions have changed during the year? (yes/no) OBSERVED EXPECTED (o-e)^2/e 97 115.42 2.939667 86 74.824 1.66929 73 63.68 1.364045 60 46.168 4.144087 82 97.908 2.584717 398 chi square value 12.70181 Critical value = 12.8 Test value = 12Read MoreOutline Of A New Plastic Product1176 Words   |  5 Pageson a period by period basis using the simulation tool. Milestones Start Date End Date Period 1: Locate and define market of the product and stake holder analysis. 8/25/2015 11/3/2015 Period 2: Product needs developed into technical specs, and concepts are built 11/4/2015 12/11/2015 Period 3: : Pre-Production Specifications released 12/14/2015 1/20/2016 Period 4: Design Approved. 1/21/2016 2/9/2016 Period 5: Evaluate the design specifications and build final Functional Model. 2/10/2016 3/9/2016Read MoreForecasting Is A Planning Tool1355 Words   |  6 Pagesa selected number of past periods of data. Since short-term planning is the goal for which we are using this technique, it only makes sense to use the most recent periods of data. More recent data will reveal the current conditions of the market. The moving average changes each time a new period of data is added to the mix. The average of the recent test scores is an 85, the average of the last test scores was an 87. A professor can forecast the average for the next test to be an 86 [(85 + 87)/2 =Read MoreSummary and Critique of Johnson and Newport 19891600 Words   |  7 Pages After Lennebergs (1967) advanced analyses and interpretation of critical period in regards to first language acquisition, many researchers began to relate and study age issue in second language acquisition. In this area of study, Johnson and Newpor t (1989) is among the most prominent and leading studies which tries to seek evidence to test the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) in second language (L2) acquisition. This study aims to find identifying answers to the question of age-related effectsRead MoreInvestigating the Effect of Lipase Concentration on the Breakdown of Fat in Milk1614 Words   |  7 Pagesthe substrates and quicker breakdown of lipids in the milk within shorter period of time. At enzyme concentration of 1% or 2%, reactions can happen at a relatively slower pace, with lipids broken down and phenolphthalein turning from pink to white over a relatively longer time period. At 3%, enzyme activity will speed up with lipids broken down and phenolphthalein turning from pink to white over a relatively shorter time period. At 4% or 5%, enzyme activity will happen significantly faster. APPARATUS:Read MoreComparison Between Marks And Spencer And Burberry Plc1566 Words   |  7 PagesContents 1.0 Introduction 3 1.1 Background information 3 1.1.1 Burberry 3 1.1.2 Marks Spencer (MS) 3 2.0 Ratios 3 2.1 Burberry plc. ratios for the years ended 31 March 3 2.2 Marks Spencer plc. for the years ended 31 March 4 3.0 Analysis 5 3.1 Profitability Ratios 5 3.1.1 Return on Shareholders’ funds (ROSF) 5 3.1.2 Return on Capital Employed 5 3.1.3 Gross Profit Margin 5 3.1.4 Operating Profit Margin 5 3.2 Liquidity Ratios 6 3.2.1 Current Ratio 6 3.2.2 Inventory Turnover Period 6 3.2.3 Trade ReceivablesRead MoreDocx949 Words   |  4 PagesHCMC Department of English IE2 READING WRITING 1. Course Statistics : 120 periods (8 credits) Number of instruction weeks : 10 Number of sessions : 30 Number of sessions per week :3 Number of periods per session 2. Pre-requisite Number of periods :4 Students who achieved IE1 course score 50 or scored from 35-60 on the Placement Test are required to take this course. 3. Learning outcome Students who have successfully completed the course are expectedRead MoreA Research Study On Nhs Pendulum Lab1429 Words   |  6 PagesYoussef Elseifi Mr. Dickson Honors Integrated Science 1 Row 2 Period 4 10/3/16 NHS Pendulum Lab Our objective in this science project was to make a pendulum ride for Northwood High School that could be securely utilized by students. We needed to make a ride, with a time of precisely 1.5 seconds, which will give a ride that is not too quick, not too slow, but just right (Northwood Land Article 1). The ride couldn t be higher than 75 cm, it couldn t make an angle more prominent than 45 degrees

The Study of Honor in the Renaissance Period - 1442 Words

The study of honor in Renaissance cities presents an intriguing paradox. On the one hand, honor seemed ‘more dear than life itself’, and provided one of the essential values that shaped the daily lives of urban elites and ordinary city folk. For wealthy merchants and aspiring artisans, honor established a code of accepted conduct against which an individual’s actions were measured by his or her peers, subordinates and social superiors. Possessing honor helped to locate a person in the social hierarchy and endowed one with a sense of personal worth. The culture of honor, which originated with the medieval aristocracy, directed the everyday activities of urban-dwellers of virtually all social groups from at least the fourteenth century on.†¦show more content†¦The wide array of ritual behaviors in word and deed reveals both the creativity of those who had different lines of access to honor resources, as well as the conditionality of the code of honor itself . Rituals marked important sites for the creation of gender identity. Ritual activities provided the stage settings for women and men to carry out socially appropriate behaviors marking key points along the moving edge of their life course. In the process, rituals posited a set of gender expectations that were complicated by the realities of everyday life, for ritual practices embodying definitions of masculinity and femininity were alive to other variables such as age, class, personal circumstances, or changing political relationships. Men and women constructed both each other’s honor and gender identity by means of a complicated ‘network of oppositions and dependencies’. Shows a view of gender constructs alongside the practical relationships and tasks that bound men and women together. Three types of ritual activity inflected the relationship between gender and honor in different ways and involved different sets of participants. Honor was gendered in rites of passage rooted in kinship, specifically nuptial rites – events that helped anchor a family’s reputation in theShow MoreRelatedAmbition and Death - the Story of the Renaissance in Macbeth1189 Words   |  5 PagesAmbition and death - the story of the Renaissance in Macbeth In the tragic drama Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare in 1606 during the English Renaissance, the hero, Macbeth, constantly declines in his level of morality until his death at the end of the play. Because of his change of character from good to evil, Macbeth s attitude towards other characters, specifically Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macbeth, and the witches, is significantly affected. In a larger sense, the theme of bad versus goodRead MoreGuido Ruggieros the Boundaries of Eros: Sex Crime and Sexuality in Renaissance Venice1551 Words   |  7 Pagesact never existed. But as we can see in Ruggieros The Boundaries of Eros: Sex Crime and Sexuality in Renaissance Venice, historical facts beg to differ. By using criminal records, he takes us into a world that, although it is many centuries long ago, is much like todays society in their way of committing sexual crimes and sexual behavior. In my opinion, Ruggiero does not set out to make a vast study as to the reason why they behaved thi s way. For that type of analysis, I suggest one should read DrRead MoreComparison of Renaissance and Middle Ages1174 Words   |  5 PagesComparisons of middle Ages and renaissance Introduction Middle Ages were the most devastated and dark periods that Europeans had ever experienced. These periods were worse after one another. These episodes Europeans had lack of fortunes, educations, had worse economies and unfair rulers who were corrupted and neglected their responsibilities to their people. People were suffering by unrecognizable diseases, unchangeable seasons and unsolvable conflicts. People were also not optimisticRead MoreRenaissance Art : The Renaissance And The Renaissance852 Words   |  4 PagesThe Renaissance, better known as the â€Å"rebirth â€Å"period helped bring life back to culture and the arts. It was a movement that began in Florence, Italy, but eventually spread throughout Europe. It stemmed from a very dark period in history. Prior to the Renaissance, Europe experienced the Medieval Times, or Dark Ages, a time of war famine, and disease. There were many causes of the Renaissance such as â€Å"The Black Death† and the new idea that social cl ass does not dictate your wealth. The RenaissanceRead MoreBiography Of Benvenuto Cellini ( 1500 )996 Words   |  4 Pagesprestige, and honor. He takes part in necromancy, fighting, war, and a wide array of various undertakings. The question is, throughout all of Benvenuto Cellini’s accomplishments, did he possess the knowledge and skills to be considered a real Renaissance Man of his time period? A â€Å"Renaissance Man† is a term describing a man whose proficiency spans a number of different skill sets. As the term implies, it is most commonly used to define great achievers of the Renaissance time period in Western EuropeRead MoreArt Appreciation : Sandro Botticelli1393 Words   |  6 Pageshis apprentice. Even though being an apprentice seemed like a small task at the time, many believe that Botticelli was much more fortunate than other artists because he was able to obtain a much higher education compared to other artists of the Renaissance (Botticelli Biography, n.d.). Because of his apprenticeship, Botticelli inherited much from Lippo artistically, and, thus, was able to work independently and open his own workshop at only fifteen years old (Sandro Botticelli Biography | artbleRead Mor eThe Renaissance Was A Creative Period974 Words   |  4 Pages The Renaissance was a creative period. â€Å"First called the rinascimento, Italian for ‘rebirth’ the period came to be known by its French name, the Renaissance.† This period can also be defined as the rebirth of classical learning, literature, and art. During this Renaissance artists branched away from the restraint of Byzantine Art. Early in the Renaissance, Florence was not part of the unified country of Italy. Italy was divided into different states such as Florence, Milan, Venice, etc. FlorenceRead MoreThe Renaissance in Europe1418 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Renaissance†, which is French for â€Å"rebirth†, perfectly describes the rebirth of art and learning that occurred in Europe between the 1400s and 1600s. During the era known as the Renaissance, Europe underwent a cultural movement in which people regained interest in the ancient cultures of Greece and Rome. A renewed int erest in philosophy and human individuality lead to the development of more worldly and nonreligious focuses. Europe sought knowledge from the ancient world and moved out of the DarkRead MoreThe Developmental Impact of Scholasticism Essay examples1391 Words   |  6 Pagesthat reason and religious studies don’t blend well since religious studies should be based on faith and not reason. It is important to note that the majority of scholars, philosophers and thinkers were theologians ecclesiastically employed, and that the educational institutions available were under the control of the Church. With a new focus on rational thinking came a new perspective in which to look at the world. Obtaining knowledge from direct observation and study of the natural was no longerRead MoreDid Ladies Have A Renaissance Like The Men?1650 Words   |  7 PagesAges in Europe, came the period known as the Renaissance. Renaissance implies resurrection, and it implied the resurrection of antiquated Greek and Roman society for the exclusive class living essentially in Italy around 1350-1650, and incidentally in England in the late sixteenth century, and hardly in France and Northern Europe. Well known from these years were numerous artisans like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, and scholars like Machiavelli and Erasmus. Renaissance researchers believe that

Twelve-Step Program to Escaping Dantes Hell free essay sample

A comparison of the hell described in Dantes `The Inferno` to the twelve-step program required by an alcoholic to pass by AA. Dantes The Inferno paints an incredibly vivid picture of what Hell is like. The journey Dante undertakes in order to progress pass his lost stage and escape Hell can be likened to the 12-Step Program a recovering alcoholic must complete in order to finally escape from the clutches of drinking to excess. This paper explores Dantes journey through the perspective of this 12-Step Program. By going through each step, one can witness the introspective and emotional self-examination Dante goes through, with a little help from his support group, in order to get out of Hell. `The first step that every recovering alcoholic must take involves the process of admitting his or her problem. Alcoholics must acknowledge that they are helpless when battling their addiction and they must admit that this addiction to drink has wreaked havoc on their lives to the point where they have lost control (Alcoholic Anonymous, 1955, 59). We will write a custom essay sample on Twelve-Step Program to Escaping Dantes Hell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dantes predicament is no different to that of an alcoholic struggling to regain control over his or her life. At the beginning of the poem, Dante is portrayed as having gotten lost on the path of life and trying to get back on the right path. Using imagery, Dante recalls that in the middle of his life, he [finds] himself lost in a dark forest, having lost the right path while half asleep. `

Stand Your Ground free essay sample

This paper reflects on how literature can sometimes give you a closer glimpse into history than a textbook; the correlation between the trial of Tim Robinson in the book â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† and various trials throughout history that have led to convictions without physical evidence, that were based solely on lies through eyewitness testimony; how Anglo-Saxons felt about discrimination; how African-Americans felt about discrimination; how statistics show clear evidence of racial disparity in death row convictions that have now been overturned due to DNA evidence that was not available when they were arrested; and how different mediums, i. . news, magazines, books, movies, etc†¦ can shed light on discrimination not only on a historical basis, but through current events. In conclusion this paper will prove that in the 1900’s it didn’t matter who lied on you, if you were black you were a criminal, and if you were white you were right. We will write a custom essay sample on Stand Your Ground or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It will also shed light on how the tides have slowly changed over the years leading to honest discussions about racisms role in our judicial system. Key Words: Racism, Discrimination, Justice, History, White, Black, Convictions, Literature, Disparity, Trials, Evidence, DNA, Lies, Change If we don’t study history we are doomed to repeat it. Reading is a fun way to learn about history because you get involved in the most intimate details of the characters lives. There have been several really good books that address racial tensions and how we have progressed as a nation. A prime example of this is the book, â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† regarding the trial of Tim Robinson. Most convictions in the 1900’s were based on lies with very little and sometimes no evidence. If a white person said a black person committed a crime, everyone assumed they were telling the truth. Unfortunately not much has changed over the years, as evidenced by George Zimmerman vs. Trayvon Martin, the Central Park Five, and even situations like Sheriff Joe Arpaio, who continuously violates the Civil Rights Act creating laws targeting minorities, and encouraging a â€Å"posse† mentality. Racism is not just a piece of history that we have learned from and changed our ways. One look at the percentage of wrongful convictions on death row is all we need to convince us of that. It would be nice to live in a world where we only read non-fiction stories about the struggles of discrimination. We have come a long way, but we must continue to learn and evolve so that as a society we do not continue down this path of hatred and intolerance. In the book â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird†, we are taken on a journey of disbelief as we watch Tim Robinson fight for his life because it’s just assumed that any African-American would rape any white woman, given the chance. During this trial we get to see two very different perspectives. Mayella and her father tell the story everyone expects to hear, with the town backing them up every step of the way, describing Tim as the town’s nightmare and painting him as a wicked beast acting out of animalistic lust. Tim simply tells the story no one wants to hear, otherwise known as the truth. This story shines a mirror towards the townspeople who don’t want to face the fact that they are acting out of their own hatred towards black people in general, relying on stereotypes as facts to justify the oppression of an entire race of people who they feel are inferior. While this is a fictional depiction of reality, the fact remains that during this time period Anglo-Saxons had a generalized view of discrimination feeling that they were justified based on their superiority. This perspective was passed down through the generations and ran rampid, not only in society but in the armed services and even the white house. In 1901 Teddy Roosevelt invited Booker T Washington to the White House for a private dinner, prompting citizens to accuse him of committing a crime against society, over a simple dinner. Roosevelt allowed public opinion to sway his decisions and Washington was never invited back. Black people were prevented from voting, amongst other basic American rights and were lynched by mobs on a regular basis. According to David Pietrusza, author of â€Å"1920 The Year of Six Presidents â€Å", between 1882 and 1968 (3,446) blacks were lynched nationwide, mostly in Southern jails where law enforcement did nothing to interfere. One victim, accused of â€Å"trying to vote† was lynched and three of his companions were burned to death. During this time period Segregation was considered normal. The â€Å"Jim Crow† laws were a series of rigid anti-black laws that ensured African-Americans knew their role in society. According to Dr. David Pilgrim, Professor of Sociology at Ferris State University, Christian ministers and theologians taught that whites were the â€Å"chosen† people and blacks were cursed to be servants. Politicians gave eloquent speeches on the dangers of integration; media writers used racial slurs when referring to blacks. Even children’s games portrayed them as inferior beings. Black people were taught to internalize their feelings and were controlled through the intimidation of wrongful convictions and death sentences issued on a regular basis. These infractions could be as small as a black man lighting the cigarette of a white woman. Until the Civil Rights Movement, black people in general tolerated the Jim Crow laws as a means of survival. Fast forward and we see that that although society as a whole began not to support racism and discrimination, they had a long way to go. While the trial of Tim Robinson in â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† shined a light on the moral conflicts involved in discrimination, it clearly did not cure the disease of racism. Take the Scottsboro Boys as an example. Nine black teenage boys were accused of assault by several white teenage boys who had been hoboing on a freight train. The sheriff deputized a posse, stopped and searched the train, arrested these nine teens, then found two white girls to accuse them of rape. The common sentence for the rape of a white woman in Alabama was death at this time, but the case was appealed and seven of the eight convictions were overturned. One of the women eventually admitted to making up the story and confessed that none of the Scottsboro Boys had touched either of the two women. Although there was no evidence to tie them to this crime, the case had to be tried three times and all three times a guilty verdict was returned by an all-white jury with the exception of the last trial which had one black jury member. These teens were defended by many in the North, attacked by many in the South, and eventually led to the end of all white juries. Much like Tim Robinson, they had been arrested based on a lie and even though there was no evidence to support their conviction, societies views on whites as superior beings allowed these juries to feel comforted in their decision to rule based on lies, not facts. Discrimination continues to run rampid, driven by fear and ignorance. In 1989 four black teens and one Hispanic teen were accused of raping a female jogger in New York City’s Central Park. She was raped and almost beaten to death, but she recovered with no memory of the attack or the events leading up to the assault which left her with severe hypothermia, blood loss from multiple lacerations, internal bleeding, and a fractured skull. Her left eye had to be removed from the socket due to the severity of the beating. In a move which the police department would ultimately regret, and contrary to the normal police procedure stating that the names of suspects under the age of sixteen are to be withheld, the names of these juveniles were released before any of them had a chance to be formally arraigned or indicted. The convictions were overturned in 2002 when a convicted rapist and murderer, already serving a life sentence for other crimes, confessed to committing this one as well leading to exoneration after DNA evidence confirmed his story. This case sparked an outrage and a mistrust of police in general in the black community. These teens had been intimidated, lied to, and coerced into making false confessions after being held for hours without access to their parents or an attorney. While their so-called confessions were videotaped, the hours preceding these confessions were not. No evidence tied them to the crime, and the myth that when a white woman is raped officers are trained to round up the first black teens they see was exposed. In 2003 two of these accused teens, now grown men, sued the city for malicious prosecution, racial discrimination, and emotional distress. Just recently a self-proclaimed â€Å"neighborhood watch† man used the â€Å"Stand Your Ground† law to absolve himself of any guilt in the killing of Trayvon Martin, a young teen whose only crime was walking home from the corner store with an iced tea and a pack of skittles in his pocket. In 2012 Zimmerman approached this seventeen year old black male while on the phone with 9-1-1 operators who told him to wait for police and stop following him. A fight ensued and shots rang out. Anxious neighbors, unfamiliar with violence in their gated community, called 9-1-1 to report what they described as a disturbance. The haunting screams of the young man could be heard on the recorded sessions just before shots rang out ending his young life. Zimmerman, who was only questioned for a short period of time, stated that he was in fear for his life, hiding behind Florida’s â€Å"Stand Your Ground† law, at which point the officers released him. Media reports, citizen outrage, and allegations of the racist motivation for both the shooting and what most considered police misconduct led to the eventual arrest of Mr. Zimmerman. Fear of retaliation from the community led to a Special Prosecutor being appointed to take over the investigation, so that a third party could make a fair and impartial assessment of the events that took place that night. Although this case is still pending, most are convinced of his guilt due to the media uncovering several instances of racism leading up to the tragic ending of Mr. Martin’s young life. While many people feel that these instances of racism are rare, The â€Å"Innocence Project† has uncovered several death row cases that have led to exoneration, after DNA testing that was unavailable at the time of their conviction proved their innocence. The most common reasons for these wrongful convictions were: eyewitness misidentification, invalidated or improper use of forensic science, false confessions, government misconduct, confidential informants, and bad lawyering. In a nutshell, those who cannot afford to defend themselves properly are at risk for being wrongly convicted due to false allegations. In Florida alone there have been thirteen overturned convictions on death row, with an average time spent in jail being 13. years, with some sitting in prison as long as twenty-three years based on eye-witness misidentification. There have been 305 post-conviction DNA exonerations Nationwide with a disproportional amount of African-Americans falsely accused. According to statistics 190 African-Americans, 87 Caucasians, 21 Latinos, 2 Asian Americans, and 5 whose races were unknown have DNA evidence to thank for their freedom. This is not only a problem in Southern States, as these cases have been found in 36 states including, New York, Florida, Texas, California, and Washington State. Over 25% of the wrongful convictions were based on false statements that were coerced by police due to: real or perceived intimidation by law enforcement; use of force during the interrogation; distress caused by exhaustion, stress, hunger, substance use, mental illness, or limited education; devious interrogation techniques, such as untrue statements about supposedly incriminating evidence; or simple fear on the part of the suspect that if they don’t confess they will receive a harsher penalty. While society as a whole has come a long way with regards to racial profiling, instances still exist. President Obama’s Administration is currently investigating an Arizona County Sheriff Joe Arpaio for allegedly encouraging his officers to make unlawful stops with his controversial SB-1070 law which allows for racial profiling of suspects. His officers have been accused of using excessive force against minorities and the Justice Department has accused him of failing to adequately protect citizens of Maricopa County. Arpaio first made headlines when he accused our first African-American President Barack Obama of presenting a forged birth certificate, citing that he was not eligible to be the President of the United States. This controversial investigation sparked a national debate and led to a resurgence of organized discrimination, prevalent not only in society, but slowly creeping into the political sectors as evidenced through some of the Tea Party rallies. Movie makers are calling attention to this plight with movies like â€Å"Django Unchained† depicting a black slave who is freed and becomes partners with a bounty hunter who eventually helps him overtake a cruel plantation owner so that he can rescue and reclaim his wife who was abused then sold by his former owners. Movie goers have shown strong support of directors willing to shed light on this chilling point in history by spending $416 million in movie theatres world-wide. Movies like â€Å"Lincoln† depict a President struggling with many inside his own cabinet on the decision to emancipate slaves. Author Saundra D. Westervelt, an assistant professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina chronicles these miscarriages of justice in the book â€Å"Wrongly Convicted: Perspectives on Failed Justices (Critical Issues in Crime and Society)†. She discusses the fact that eyewitness accounts are typically wrong, police trick suspects into making confessions through fear tactics, informants lie to gain benefits, sometimes the police officers are just incompetent and do not do a thorough job while investigating, and shines light on the fact that those who are unpopular, uneducated, or are members of a racial minority invite harsher treatment by the authorities for just being themselves. In short convictions in the 1900’s were strongly influenced by discrimination, which has been proven through history and reflected in the literature we read today. In the past, it didn’t matter who lied about you, if you were a person of color then systematically you were considered guilty. Instead of allowing people to hide behind laws like, â€Å"Stand Your Ground†; we as a society should rise up and stand our ground against those in society who still feel that convicting based on the color of one’s skin is a valid reason for prosecution. If you were to ask me if I thought discrimination played a huge role in history, or if I felt that we were at risk of repeating our mistakes, I’d say the proof is in the pudding. References:

A Literary Review on Molieres The Imaginary Invalid Essays

A Literary Review on Molieres The Imaginary Invalid Essays A Literary Review on Molieres The Imaginary Invalid Paper A Literary Review on Molieres The Imaginary Invalid Paper Moliere’s â€Å"The Imaginary Invalid† is a play about a hypochondriac who is so obsessed with his health and money that he ends up neglecting his family’s needs to better his own. Moliere sets up the exposition of the play in Act I by the apothecary bills Argon is reading aloud. After Toinette, the maid, then enters the scene she sarcastically makes a comment about all of the bills lying on the table. Toinette lets the audience know that Argon is a hypochondriac by rebutting everything he says about his doctors and illnesses with sarcastic comments. For instance, when Argon says, â€Å"You leave my insides alone.† She comes back with, â€Å"I wish you would. You’d be a different man.† She also lets the audience know by saying, â€Å"Why, if it wasn’t for him you wouldn’t even know you were ill,† speaking of the apothecary. The main conflict of the play is Argon’s unwillingness to accept that he is not ill and he is, in fact, a very healthy man. This â€Å"illness† leads to the selfishness that he shows his family, especially his daughter Angelica. Later in Act I his â€Å"illnesses† prove to have relevance to the conflict when she speaks of Cleante, the man she loves. Cleante is not a doctor; therefore, Argon will not give his blessings for Angelica to marry him. The conflict of the play was that Argon would not give his blessings for the marriage of his daughter, Angelica, and the man she loves, Cleante. The main characters involved in the conflict besides Angelica and Cleante is Argon, the problem, Toinette and Argon’s brother, Beralde, which resolve the conflict in the end. Argon is involved, as stated earlier, because he will not give his blessings on the marriage. Toinette and Beralde were involved in the resolution to the conflict because they cared about Angelica and her happiness. I believe that Beralde was more involved in the resolution because he felt that his brother was going far with his hypochondria, but still cared for Angelica’s happiness. Argon seemed to over-step the line when he tried to ruin the lives of his daughter just for his mental well being. The steps taken to see that Angelica does not have to marry a man that she simply does not want to marry lead up to the climax of the play. Argon finally realizes who cares about him and who doesn’t when he overhears his wife, Beline, speaking of his death and then Angelica. The climax was in Act III when The denoument of the play was uncertain. The dominant theme of this play is mind versus body. The play is about a wealthy, but self-centered, man who believes that he is constantly ill. However, there is obvious doubt to whether he is really ill or is he is simply imagining his illnesses. Therefore, the primary theme is Argon’s internal struggle of the body versus mind. This theme is developed throughout the play into smaller themes such as greed versus love and death versus life. It was obvious to me that in the play, Argon was only imagining his illnesses and that he was in dire need of attention. Argon had two groups of people giving him this attention, though both very different. One group (the doctors, Beline, and Bonnefoy, the lawyer) wanted his money. The other group (Angelica, Toinette, Beralde, and Clente) only wanted his love. Together these two groups compete for the wealth and love that they need from Argon.

WHEN TO WRITE FOR FREE

WHEN TO WRITE FOR FREE Anyone who has known me for very long, recalls that Im all about writing for money. And Im vehemently opposed to writing mills. Writing Mills = Sites known as Content Aggregators. They pay pennies. You earn based on quantity of articles, not quality. They always advertise for new writers (mainly because of the turnover once writers learn the deal). Granted, they are enticing. You dont really answer to an editor. You rarely get rejected. But those clips mean nothing in your portfolio. Why? Because people in the industry recognize writing mill work for what it is. Words thrown together to grab searches in hopes the people searching happen to click on the advertisements. However, blogs have changed everything. You write free on your own blog. You write free when you guest blog. You write free on major website blogs. Yes, there are a few blogs that pay, but most dont. Blogs can be opportunity, even though they do not pay much if at all.Just remember the rules. Write for free if you are breaking in to a well-known blog. Carol Tice is a freelance copywriter making a good living at it. Look at what shes published, and note that many of them are blog posts. caroltice.com/articles When a market is competitive, offer a sharp blog post for free, to get your foot in the door. Maybe even two, three,even ten posts. Get them used to you, then ask for compensation,or maybe even a regular gig. Write for free if you are breaking in to a magazine. Today many magazines have a sister blog. Pitch the editor of the blog. Your resume will still say you wrote for Family Circle(or fill in the mag name). And once they learn to love your posts, you can pitch to the print. Write for free if you are selling something else. Blog tours/virtual tours for books can generate income via book sales. Just make sure the post is good and a stand alone even if you didnt have a book. Or else write about a subject thats in the book, but dont hard-sell the book. Just show youre an expert in what you do. See? There are times to write for free. Just be smart about it. PAYING BLOG SITES bloggerjobs.biz/ makealivingwriting.com/why-i-pay-writers/ therenegadewriter.com/2012/06/21/the-renegade-writer-blog-is-now-paying-for-guest-posts/ http://readlearnwrite.com/guest-post/ http://jobs.problogger.net/

Comparison of the Concepts of Education as the Process of Learning by Essay

Comparison of the Concepts of Education as the Process of Learning by Frederick Douglass and Malcolm X - Essay Example In today’s society, education, as a concept, has evolved to be taken synonymously with schooling (Lear 2). However, while it is undeniable that formal schooling is an integral aspect of education today, understanding and promoting education within this limited context leaves students unable to benefit from its full potential; hindering their full development as individuals. Education is a process of knowing. While formal schooling can undoubtedly contribute to this process, it is but one of many means to achieve an education. Looking at Frederick Douglass and Malcolm X’s experiences, one can illustrate how education can also be achieved through self-study. Douglass, for example, was deprived of formal education as a result of his status as a slave. He laments in his autobiography, â€Å"education and slavery were incompatible with each other† because, in the words of his master, it â€Å"would forever unfit him to be a slave† (53, 49). Malcolm X, although not necessarily deprived of formal schooling, did not finish beyond the eighth grade because of a disheartening talk with one of his professors (Malcolm X 36-37). Thus, he notes, â€Å"[his] alma mater was books, a good library† (203). Nonetheless, both men educated themselves. However, although it is possible to educate oneself without formal schooling, self-education is not a simple process. Douglass himself writes he is â€Å"conscious of the difficulty of learning without a teacher† (50). In this respect, what allowed both Malcolm X and Douglass to succeed in their self-studies is the fact that they are determined and dedicated in their own education. Malcolm X, for example, tirelessly began teaching himself how to read by copying pages of the dictionary by hand, learning the words and reciting them aloud. Since learning how to read, he notes, â€Å"from then until I left that prison, in every free moment I had, if I was not reading in the library, I was reading in my bunk.

The events that produced the modern Civil Rights Movement Essay

The events that produced the modern Civil Rights Movement - Essay Example The case has never been perfectly clear, but it seems that Till had told several of his African-American friends in Mississippi that back home in Chicago he had a white girlfriend - they did not believe him and so dared him to speak to a white woman while out in public. Whether Till actually spoke, or whether he whistled at a married white woman while in a grocery store in unclear, but the repercussions are unambiguous (Ownby 151). The boy was murdered because of his apparent audacity in addressing a white woman, and the death shocked people all over the country. Mere months later, Rosa Parks found lasting fame and reverence because of her refusal to give up her seat on a city bus to a white passenger. At this time, segregation existed on buses and an African-American was not allowed to take the front seat of a bus, particularly if there was a white passenger who needed to sit down. Parks' civil disobedience led to the formation of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which lasted for months and ultimately culminated in the 1956 decision of Alabama courts to rule that bus segregation is unconstitutional. Parks was always the first to downplay her role in the modern civil rights movement, but the truth is that her disregard for discriminatory practices influenced the entire African-American population to rethink their own attitudes towards segregation and low social standing (Burns 87-90). Following the murder of Emmitt Till, African-Americans were, on the whole, very angry, frightened and confused about what steps needed to be taken to ensure their f uture safety and success in the nation. Rosa Parks unwittingly gave all these disenfranchised people a look at how simple individual protest could be used to really make a difference where it mattered the most. The Montgomery Bus Boycott not only influenced a nation, but it specifically had a great effect on someone who would prove to be an invaluable member of the modern civil rights movement: Martin Luther King Jr. King Jr. took a leadership role in the Bus Boycott and from this starting point became an omnipresent figure in most aspects of the African-American civil rights movement in America. His most famed contribution to the movement was his "I Have a Dream" speech, delivered in 1963 during the March on Washington. King envisioned a time when society would welcome its diverse people together as one, treat every person as both an individual and an equal, and put an end to discrimination and segregation laws in America and worldwide (Ralph Jr. 29-36). The ideals and actions of Martin Luther King Jr. were essentially fundamental to the modern civil rights movement and because of this, African-Americans were ultimately inspired to take up the causes he fought for after he was murdered in Tennessee in 1968. The death of this great leader of the civil rights movement was a great shock to the entire country, but it was in many ways the final catalyst that African-Americans needed to realize that enough was enough in terms of discrimination and

Informative on Hybrid Cars Essay Example for Free

Informative on Hybrid Cars Essay Introduction I. A hybrid car is a vehicle with more than one power source such as a small internal combustion engine and an electric motor. II. Most hybrids only use gasoline when needed. The electric motor, powered by a stack of rechargeable batteries, is the primary workhorse for propulsion under low-speed driving. III. When you think of a hybrid vehicle, you may find yourself thinking Toyota Prius. 1. Toyota Prius was the first mass produced hybrid vehicle. IV. According to Toyota Motor Corp. a hybrid system combines different power sources to maximize each one’s strengths, while compensating the others’ short comings. IV. Today I am going to inform you on the history about hybrid vehicle and explain the different hybrid platforms and how they work. Body I. The first hybrid vehicle was not the Toyota Prius, nor was it invented in the 2000s or even the 1990s. Although the many reasons that brought the hybrid vehicle into existence are similar to those living in the 21st century; ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) equipped vehicles were too noisy and produce too much toxic emission. 1. The first Hybrid Vehicle was brought forth by Viennese coach builder named Jacob Lohner. Lohner turned to a young Austrian engineer by the name of Ferdinand Porsche. Lohner asked Porsche to incorporate his patent electric wheel-hub design into a Coach that belonged to Lohner. The result was the Lohner-Porsche Elektromobil in 1896. 2. Toyota launched the world’s first mass-produced hybrid vehicle, in Japan known at the Toyota Prius. A. over 37,000 sold in Japan before the vehicle was introduced to the U. S. Market in 2000. 3. Honda and Toyota both release their hybrid vehicles available to the U. S. Market. A. Honda released the 2000 Honda Insight in 1999. B. Toyota released their 2001 Toyota Prius in 2000. II. There are two common types of Hybrid vehicle platforms, Mild-Parallel hybrid and Series hybrid. 1. A Mild-Parallel hybrid vehicle has an internal combustion engine that is equipped with an electric motor, both in parallel configuration, meaning they both provide propulsion to move the vehicle forward. This configuration allows the gasoline engine to be shut off while coasting, braking or being at a complete stop yet will restart with minimal delay. A. Some mild hybrids will also be equipped with regenerative braking that will essentially charge the battery packs under braking. B. Mild hybrids are not capable of exclusively operating on the Electric motor. 2. A Series hybrid platform, sometimes referred to as range-extending electric vehicles (REEV) incorporate a configuration by design to be operated mostly by the battery, but will have an ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) to recharge the battery when enduring a long drive. B. Series hybrid’s only have electric motors to provide propulsion while maintaining an exceptionally high power to weight ratio providing enough torque over a broad range of speeds. C. The gasoline engine drives an electric generator which charges the battery bank at which point the electric motor use the power from the battery bank to drive the vehicle. Conclusion In conclusion today I have informed you all about the first existence of the hybrid vehicle which was created by Ferdinand Porsche, known as the Elektromobil. The common types of configurations that are available, which include Mild-Parallel hybrid and Series hybrid vehicles. I hope you have found this information useful Prius a possible hybrid purchase in the future and an Insight to hybrid vehicles. Works Cited Nice, Karim, and Julia Layton. How Hybrid Cars Work 20, July 2000. http://auto. howstuffworks. com/hybrid-car. htm FuelEconomy. gov http://auto. howstuffworks. com/hybrid-car11. htm Eng, Paul. â€Å"How do Hybrid Cars Work? † 1, October 2010. http://abcnews. go. com/Technology/Hybrid/story? id=97518page=1#. UVPJ9Fe1vpA www. Toyota. com â€Å"Prius 2013† 2012. http://www. toyota. com/prius/#! /features Lampton, Christopher. What is the history of hybrid cars? 09 April 2009 http://auto. howstuffworks. com/fuel-efficiency/hybrid-technology/history-of-hybrid-cars. html Green, Hank. â€Å"The Rise of the REEV† January, 01 2008. http://www. ecogeek. org/content/view/1298/

Evil Mother in Rebecca Rushs Novel Kelroy :: Rebecca Rush Kelroy Essays

Evil Mother in Rebecca Rush's Novel Kelroy Rebecca Rush's novel Kelroy is an exceptional novel on mannerisms in the nineteenth century. Mrs. Hammond is the key character in this novel. The plot and characters all seam to inner relate with her. In this novel, Mrs. Hammond is seen as an evil, conniving woman. There are many twists and turns in this novel, but there is one thing that is constant, and that is that Mrs. Hammond motives are to take care of herself and secure her own future, and according to her it doesn't matter how she doses this or who she uses to her benefit. The novel begins with Mrs. Hammond trying to figure out how she couldtake care of her two daughters and live the lifestyle that she has become accustomed, when she is left widowed, with little money. And figure it out she did. She came up with a precise plan on how to exactly go about doing this. The key was to marry her daughters off to wealthy men so they would be taken care of and, most important, so would she. The plan was for her to educate her daughters and keep them in seclusion until they were of the age to marry. She only had a little bit of time to accomplish her goals before her money ran out. When they were old enough, she through the biggest and best parties. Her plan seamed to work out well because it didn't take long for Lucy to become engaged to Lord Walsingham. According to Mrs. Hammond this was a perfect match. He was a handsome, rich man from a good British family. Now with the fate of Lucy solved, Mrs. Hammond only had to focus on Emily. As a reader reading this book you would think this would be no problem. Emily was the prettier than her sister, and sweeter too. She was not only beautiful she was smart, although she tended to think with her heart instead of her head. Instead of the beautiful, youngest, well know Hammond girl falling in love, or becoming engaged to a wealthy man that Mrs.

Baumol’s “Sales Maximisation Hypothesis?” Essay

To what extent does empirical evidence on corporate objectives support the predictions of Baumol’s â€Å"Sales Maximisation Hypothesis?† In Neo-Classical Economic theory of a firm, the owners of a firm are involved in the day to day running of the firm, and therefore their main desire is profit maximisation. In reality firms are most likely run by managers and not by the owners. Because of this there is a lack of goal congruence between the two. Baumol (1959) suggests that manager controlled firms are more likely to have sales revenue maximisation as their main goals rather than profit maximisation favoured by shareholders. He shows that there are several explanations for the managerial emphasis on sales maximisation rather than maximising profits: sources of debt closely monitor sales of firms and are more willing to finance firms with growing or large sales figures; lay- off necessitated by fall in sales leads to industrial unrest and unfavourable investment climate; and with decreased sales (and consequently decreased market power) the firm enjoys lesser powers to adopt effective competitive tactics. As well as managers’ power and prestige and even salaries are more closely correlated with sales as to profits. Judged in this perspective, sales maximisation can be said to be the independent objective in managerial decision making, where ownership and management are clearly separated. This review of evidence will examine the advantages and limitations of Baumols theory on sales-maximisation. The majority of empirical evidence shows that there little correlation between the remuneration of top managers and the profit performance of their companys, instead sale revenue is seen as the major contributor to the salaries of managers. McGuire et al. (1962) tried to test Baumols contention that managers salaries are much more closely related to scale of operations of the firm than with profitability. They devised simple correlation coefficients between executive income and sales revenue and profits over the seven-year period 1953-9 for 45 of the largest 100 industrial corporations in the US. Their research showed that the correlation between salaries and sales was much greater than with profits. They recognise that there are serious limitations with using simple correlation analysis and the fact that correlation does not necessarily imply causation. Due to this the resear ch they done cannot be proved to be conclusive. D. R. Roberts found that executive earnings are correlated closely with the size of sales and not the level of profits. He used a cross section of 77 american firms for the period 1948-50. This evidence supports Baumols claim that managers have strong reason to pursue expansion of sales rather than increase profits. Conyon and Gregg (1994) produced a study of 177 firms between 1985 and 1990, it showed that pay of the top executives in large companies in the UK was most strongly related to relative sales growth (i.e. relative to competitors). They also found that it was only weakly related to a long term performance measure (total shareholder returns) and not at all to current accounting profit. Furthermore, growth in sales resulting from takeovers was more highly rewarded than internal growth. This evidence supports baumols presumption that sales maximisation is better related than profit, to executive rewards and corporate performance. Profitability and executive pay appear to be largely unrelated, suggesting that other managerial objectives might be given priority e.g. sales revenue. However total remuneration packages for top executives may be linked to profitabilit y, helping to align the interests of managers’ more closely to the interests of shareholders. Shipley (1981), in a major study concluded that only 15.9% of 728 UK firms questioned are true profit maximisers. The majority of the firms answered that the aim of their firms is for satisfactory profits. Hornby (1994) conducted a study off 77 Scottish companies and found that only 25% of the respondents are profit maximisers according to the ‘Shipley test’. And again the majority of the firms preferred satisfactory profits to profit maximisation. Although the study tells us little about sales maximisation, Shipley found that it was ranked fourth among principle pricing objectives, and nearly half the firms included sales revenue as at least part of their set of objectives. Larger companies were the ones that cited sales revenue as their principal goal. Since larger companies have a greater separation between ownership and management control, this lends support to Baumols theory. Marby and Siders (1966/7) computed correlation coefficients between sales and profits over 12 years, 1952-63, for 120 large American organisations. Zero or negative correlations between profits and sales would support Baumols hypothesis. The findings showed positive significant correlations between sales revenues and profits. This does not necessarily contradict Baumols hypothesis as sales and profits are positively correlated in Baumols model up to the point of maximising profits. Even when they concentrated on ‘reliable’ data from 25 companies which they thought had been operating at scales of output beyond the levels corresponding to maximum profit. Correlations between profits and sales were still mostly positive. This evidence is interpreted as refuting the sales-maximisation hypothesis. These studies argue the case for and against Baumols theory of sales-maximisation. Although there have been many studies conducted to test Baumols hypothesis, the empirical evidence is not conclusive in favour for or against the sales-maximisation hypothesis. Many argue that Baumols theory has many flaws, such persons are M H Peston and J R Wildsmith. Behavioural theory opposes the idea of a firm seeking to maximise any objective. Management are more likely to hold a set of minimum targets to hold the various stakeholder groups in balance. In practice, profit maximisation in the long term is a major goal for firms, but sales revenue is an important short term goal, though even here a profit target may still be part of the goal set. A widely used technique in the management of larger firms, portfolio planning, would seem to support the behaviourist view that no single objective will usefully help predict firm behaviour in a given market. In Neo-Classical Economic theory of a firm it suggests, the owners of a firm are involved in the day to day running of the firm, and therefore their main desire is profit maximisation. Managers are supposed to maximise shareholders wealth by investment means such as CAPM, NPV and ARR. This is the traditional means for the modern day manager to increase shareholder wealth. Agency theory explains that shareholders and managers have a relationship which is crucial to the modern firm. Managers run the company on behalf shareholder and shareholders will reward them with high salary. However this is not always the case as human nature dictates that self-interest, wealth, and power will come into the equation. Managers may start building empire, maximise sales and take on long term and complicated projects which only they understand and this will make it difficult for shareholders to sack them. This is typical of most western economies and former chief executive officer of News international James Murdoch argues in Mctaggart lecture 2007, the only reliable perpetual guarantor of independence is profits signalling that maximising profits is the only compass to measure success. This is reflective of the neoclassical economic theory and this essay will examine the advantages and limitations of sales maximisation. . argument for the theory of sales maximisation but there is serious limitations and that is the behavioural difference between long run profit maximisation and sales maximisation that there are no conclusive econometric tests as the difference is very subtle. Therefore there has to be more future research into testing what the key differences are between sales and profits. Also there has to be one to one interviews into the psychology of Managers in the firms that they running as some argue for profits whilst some argue for sales e.g. James Murdoch speech. The use of postal questionnaires for use in studies can bring evidence that is not In summary that is conducted for Baumols hypothesis empirical evidence is not conclusive in favour for and against the sales maximisation hypothesis.

Adolescence and Moral Development Essay

Two major reasons exist for studying moral development during adolescence. First, cognitive changes that occur during adolescence are related to moral development. Formal operational thinking allows the adolescent to interpret the social environment in new and different ways. Second, because adolescents are capable of devising new and idealistic social orders to which all are expected to conform, we may view them as moral philosophers. A number of researchers have noted other changes in moral development that point to the importance of adolescence as a transition stage in moral development. Unlike children, the adolescent is concerned with what is right as opposed to what is wrong. Also, adolescents become more preoccupied with personal and social moral codes. As they gain the competency to understand alternative points of view, they see that the moral codes are relative, not absolute. The above changes result in some conflict between moral conduct and moral thinking during adolescence. Early writing in the area of moral development was left to philosophers, who evolved three major doctrines of morality, each of which is represented in contemporary psychological theorizing. The â€Å"doctrine of the original sin† assumed that parental intervention was necessary to save the child’s soul. Current-day vestiges of this viewpoint may be found in theories of personality structure and the development of the conscience, or superego, which argue that the child internalizes parental standards of right and wrong. See more:  Perseverance essay The â€Å"doctrine of innate purity† argued that the child is basically moral, or pure, and that society, especially adults, are corrupting influences. This view is represented in the theorizing of Piaget, who argues that morality develops from the acquisition of autonomy emerging from the need to get along with peers. Moral thinking develops through peer-to-peer interactions that lead to an understanding of rules, according to Piaget. He also believes that parents do not allow autonomous thinking to develop because parent-child relationships are basically heteronomous, that is, the child is ruled by the parents. Therefore, the parents retard moral development. The last philosophical doctrine is the â€Å"tabula rasa† notion, which assumes that the child is neither innately pure nor corrupt but the product of environmental influences. The current-day representatives of this position are the learning theorists, who believe that development is the result of reinforcement and imitation  mechanisms. In addition to these differing philosophical and theoretical views regarding the origin of morality, we must keep in mind the distinctions between three concepts: systems of morality, moral behavior and moral character. Systems of morality are evidenced in the rules that guide social and interpersonal behavior. That includes rules that are written down and those that are not. This broad definition includes all types of social behaviors, not just those we consider moral behavior. Moral behaviors are those behaviors that are consistent with rules of morality. Like moral systems, moral behaviors include social behaviors of all types. This definition of moral behavior also includes behavior contrary to that expressed in moral code. Immoral behavior is simply a subclass of moral behavior. Moral character is a much more difficult concept to define. It is mostly hard to define due to the fact it involves an individual’s motives for behaving in a particular way. The basic problem in defining moral character is to determine those personality dimensions that determine it and vary as a function of it. Moral knowledge , socialization, empathy, autonomy, and moral judgement are the major concepts defining moral character. In order to have successful peer and adult relationships, the adolescent must learn the rules of the society and act in accordance to these rules. Individuals who successfully master these tasks are said to possess moral character. Among psychologists, the writings of Freud and Piaget have had the greatest impact on research in moral development. Following their early works, there was little written about moral development. In the last two or three decades, there has been considerable research and theorizing about the process underlying moral development. According to the principles of psychoanalytic theory, morality is part of the individual’s conscience, or superego. The acquisition of morality is explained by the information of the superego, which results from resolution of the Oedipal complex and identification with the same-sex parent. Society ensures its survival through this identification process by imposing its cultural standards, as represented by the parents’ behaviors, attitudes, aspirations, on the individual. Although the exact basis is unclear, Freud’s theorizing has stimulated considerable research into the effects of parental behavior on the child’s moral development. The major research concerns have centered on moral character , the consistency of moral behavior across situations, and the role of parental disciplinary techniques in shaping moral behavior.

Cute Graduation Quotes That Say It All

Cute Graduation Quotes That Say It All Do you need to make a graduation speech? Whether youre the valedictorian, class speaker, or the featured guest speaker at the graduation ceremony, you dont want to put the audience to sleep. The crowd is already dressed in black, so you probably want to brighten the gathering with wit and wisdom. While its a formal occasion, you can show a little of your fun side at the ceremony. Here are cute quotes to sprinkle into your graduation speech. These quotes may also be appropriate if youre making a custom graduation card, writing a note to the grad, or posting them a message. After all, you dont want them to think that they are the only ones with the talent and brains to compose a cute but uplifting missive, right? Today is your day! Your mountain is waiting. So... get on your way. -Dr. SeussYou have to be odd to be number one. -Dr. SeussYou have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself in any direction you choose. -Dr. SeussShoot for the moon. Even if you miss, youll land among the stars. -Les BrownJust about a month from now Im set adrift, with a diploma for a sail and lots of nerve for oars. -Richard HaliburtonGo for it now. The future is promised to no one. -Wayne DyerThe young graduate is discovering that among the necessaries of life, the most important is living. -AnonymousIf you think education is expensive, try ignorance! -Andy McIntyreHitch your wagon to a star. -Ralph Waldo EmersonLife has no remote. Get up and change it yourself. -Mark A. CooperMinds are like parachutes- they only function when open. -Thomas DewarIf opportunity doesnt knock, build a door. -Milton BerleLife has a very simple plot: first  youre here and then youre not. -Eric Idle Heres the thing: the world is not going to issue you an engraved invitation to this life. -Sarah HeidtWhenever Id complain or be upset about something, my mother had the same advice: Darling, change the channel. You are in control of the clicker. Dont replay the bad, scary movie. -Arianna HuffingtonIsnt it funny how day by day nothing changes, but when you look back, everything is different. -C.S. LewisThere are far, far better things ahead than any we leave behind. -C.S. LewisThe difference between school and life is that in school youre taught a lesson and then given a test. In life, youre given a test that teaches you a lesson. -Tom BodettYou will never have more energy or enthusiasm, hair, or brain cells than you have today. -Tom and Ray Magliozzi

Does It Matter How You Publish

Does It Matter How You Publish Im still deluged with questions, comments, and concerns regarding self-publishing. Theres still a huge misunderstanding that self-publishing is the second-best option to traditional. That self-publishing is for those who cannot traditionally publish. The amazing part of these misconceptions is that most of these folks have no idea how traditional publishing works. They are going with the route that most people go with, that carries less risk (or so they think), where nobody can reject. After some back and forth, heres an email message from a reader: Hope At first, I had the notion about self-publishing being second option because this was what I’d been told and made to believe First, whether traditional or self-published, publishing is simply a tool. What you do with it deems its importance. Forget reputations affiliated with self-publishing. I don’t tell ANYONE that I’ve self-pubbed one book or traditionally published another. A reader doesn’t care. Only when I’m asked do I state which is which. We become so entrenched in the publishing industry, that we forget about the readers who only want a good book. Amazon has helped balance the playing field for self-published authors, and I commend them for that. However, I blame writers for how they use and misuse that opportunity. Mistakes self-published writers make: -They publish prematurely. -They design bad covers. -They design bad cover copy. -They format unprofessionally. -They do not edit enough. -They do not proofread enough (different from editing). -They do not market themselves well. The reputation of self-publishing isnt what hurts you. Nobody knows how you published if you dont tell them. Its all about how you present and sell yourself, and especially how well you write and present the book. Its on you, the author, to create a phenomenal book. But as long as self-publishing is just that available for everyone to do it themselves you will have bad work out there. I wave off the sarcasms that traditional markets have bad works, too, because the percentages don’t even compare. There are far more bad books out there in the self-publishing world because there are no gatekeepers. It is what it is. Until self-published authors as a whole pour as much attention into their books as traditional presses pour into theirs, the scales wont balance. The main point is simply to choose which way to publish, use it, own it, and don’t lead with how you published, but with how good the book is.

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Human resource management - Essay Example Employee surveys have been invariably defined as questionnaires that employees are required to ensure that they fill out. These questionnaires are designed to enquire about some specific information that the employers might wish to know. Employers can be able to administer their company employees with these employee surveys at any time and these employee surveys are often given to employees at the time of their exit interviews. Of significant importance to note is that there happens to fundamentally be no incorrect answers on employee surveys as these surveys are not regarded to be tests and are mainly opinion based (McConnell, 2003). An effective employee survey can greatly help Jollibee Food Corporation in catalyzing, partnership with employees, motivation and communication. Attributes such as organizational vitality, morale, commitment and productivity can also be substantially improved throughout the organization by acting upon and listening to the suggestions proposed by the emp loyees. To achieve its effectiveness this survey plan of the corporation’s employees will look into some of the critical aspects of effectively administrating an employees’ survey. Some of these aspects include defining what the survey will aim to achieve, the risks and challenges that will probably be experienced in administrating the survey, the costs involved, the expected benefits as well as the measures that will be undertaken to ensure that the employees’ survey is conducted in an ethical and professional manner. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 What The Employee Survey should be able to Achieve 5 Challenges Experienced in the Effective Administration of a Survey 5 The Risks, Costs and Potential Difficulties That can arise in the Administration of an Effective Employees Survey and the Possible Measures that can be taken to effectively manage them 7 The Expected and Possible Benefits of the Research Survey 11 Measures that will serve to ensure that the Survey is conducted in an Ethical and Professional Manner 11 Conclusion 13 Bibliography 14 What The Employee Survey should be able to Achieve The Employee survey should help employers measure some of the critical aspects of the workplace such as the general effectiveness of the organizational processes, the employee morale in the organization. Employees are able to provide relatively accurate measures of these aspects as they are directly responsible for facilitating the different operations of the organization and as a result of their being directly in the action, these employees have an accurate perception of the state of things in the organization, what needs to be improved as well as how the organization’s different processes work. After the outcomes of a survey have been collected and effectively analyzed, in order for Jollibee Food Corporation to be able to effectively reap the benefits of the data received from the survey, employers can proceed to implement a raft of organizational changes to help in the creation of more efficient and effective processes, in addition to aiding in the uplifting of the morale within

Juvenile delinquency Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Juvenile delinquency - Research Paper Example Statistics showed that the young people are the ‘most active part of the population involved in illegal activities’ based on different forms of risks factors such as peer pressure, lack of parental or adult guidance, etc. thus, resulting into different forms of crimes such as substance abuse, and even murder in the most serious case scenarios (2005). Juvenile delinquency is an issue that affects both the legal and social aspects of the society. Although the problems related to delinquent behaviors can be rooted to the biological risk factors and parental supervision, the solutions undertaken by the society transcends the boundaries of personal and family life. The legal aspects and the establishment of the juvenile justice system can be considered as the main intervention established by the social and political leaders to resolve the problems related to juvenile delinquency. Juvenile justice is directly related to juvenile delinquency on the precept of finding solutions to the problems related to the latter. The main focus of juvenile justice includes the crimes that are committed and/or affected the youth. These cases had been recorded through history and each period had established certain rules and guidelines to handle these types of problems but the cases of problematic youth still continue. Based on the work by William Sanders in 1970, it had been de noted that juvenile offenders of the law had been recorded for 1000 years and such problems had been known even earlier (Shoemaker and Wolfe, 2005, p.3). The juvenile justice had started prior to the formal establishment of juvenile courts. During the early part of history, e.g. the era of feudalism, social control can be considered as the most stringent in every aspect of the society. Due to the social structure, the family was considered as the basic unit of social control. But

Critical Appraisal of Business Plan Process Towards the creation of a Essay

Critical Appraisal of Business Plan Process Towards the creation of a successful entrepreneurial venture - Essay Example Because it is contained in a tangible document, it is open to critical examination by important third parties such as possible co-investors, creditors, venture capitalists, or banks which may be considering extending a loan towards the business (BC Ministry of Small Business, 2011, p.2). Elements The business plan is comprised of several elements, which may be described as follows: Idea generation, while not a tangible part of the business plan proper, is a vital phase of the planning process. It is the germination of the business intention, the idea that combines a perceived need in the environment with a recognized capability in the business proponent. Idea generation is the most difficult stage of developing a new product or service, whether it be for a new or existing business (Crane, 2010, p. 104). This is because it involves the creative process and is not defined according to any established procedure, but often occurs as a flash of inspiration or unique insight as to how a pa rticular need may be fulfilled. When an idea is first generated, there is usually no indication as to whether it will be successful or even feasible, thus embarking on a course of action on the bases of new ideas always involves a great deal of conviction and a leap of faith. Strategic objectives are set subsequent to the generation of the idea. Strategic objectives provide the overall mission or purpose of the business (i.e., a â€Å"philosophical† purpose, according to Piotrowski, 2011, p. 174), as against the operational objectives. Strategic objectives relate to the definition of four elements of the business profile, namely products, customer groups, market segments, and geographic markets (Robert, 1998, p. 234). As with all statements of intention, however, the statement of strategic objectives is always couched in general terms that may admit of many varied interpretations. As a guide, therefore, the strategic objectives are at best advisory, but cannot be held as defi nitive as promises or commitments for which the business may be held answerable. Therefore, the effectiveness of strategic objectives will only be as meaningful as the best intentions of the business proponents may hold them to be. Market analysis and research is the process of gathering information about the prospective market of the business and drawing important insights and observations about future prospects. Information about the market’s size, its location, its history, the competitive profile, and likely profitability, as well as its general strength and health, are described and assessed. The information gathered during this stage provides the foundation for forecasting sales volumes and revenues, for determining the capacity of the business, and consequently the amount of financing required (Ehmke & Akridge, 2005, p.3). Market research analysis has its limitations. Ideally, accurate knowledge of markets is very important, but such knowledge does not serve to reduce knowledge of the business into a single solution that solves all possible problems. It is a myth that a business cannot fail if it completely knows its market; this is because the market is just one aspect of the business, the others being the financial, technical operations, accounting control, and human resources aspects (Brown, 2008, p. 464). Furthermore, the market has too many factors that could not be forecast with certainty, that any feeling of possessing complete knowledge of the market is a certain

Shamus Khans Concepts of Gender and Sexuality

Shamus Khans Concepts of Gender and Sexuality In chapter four of Privileged, Shamus Khan writes about the young women at St. Pauls being taught to perform gender (Kahn, 2013). The idea behind performing gender for the young women at St. Paul was the necessity to appear feminine. This concept is not very uncommon outside of St. Pauls learning institution; many individuals dress, speak, and present themselves in a way to show their gender identity as well as their sexual preference. At this specific institution, many of the girls developed a way to use their sexuality as a gift and in some cases, they thought of it as power. Since these girls attended St. Paul they might have felt as though it was necessary to appeal to the young men so that they can more feel comfortable at the school. In a sense, many of the young women at the school attempted to exploit their own sexuality for gain. The main concept behind the young women using their sexuality was the ability to maintain a sense of ease so this was a way of them embracing their femininity. However, the teachings and idea of embracing femininity can be modified in a way so that the young women are not just limited to embrace being feminine to be at ease at St. Paul. It should be taught that the young women should be able to be comfortable expressing their sexuality by being feminine, masculine or both at St. Paul and continue to go to the school with an ease and not feel mistreated in any way based of their display of sexuality. There is no doubt that many of the young women at St. Paul were very intellectual individuals. It was very clear from the chapter that the young women at the school needed to work harder for them to be successful at the school. That did not dismiss the fact that they still needed to act as though the success that they received at the school came with ease. Khan gave an example in the chapter of Mary who was a very hard worker and was successful because of it; however, she was still viewed differently from her peers at the school. This was because she succeeded, but did so without ease (Khan, 2013). This concept of ease was to be upheld from all students at the school, but as we can see from this chapter it was more difficult from the young women at the school to maintain the appearance of ease. So, although they were intellectual they still had the need to endorse their sexuality and show their femininity as well as appeal to the men for them to feel as though they secured a certain amount of ease at St. Paul. In this chapter embracing their sexuality is very important to the young women at St. Paul, it is shown when Kahn described these girls going to seated meals dressed in their formal clothing. Although St. Paul has the no bare shoulders seated meal rule the girls found ways around these rules by making up excuses about the necessity to wear the dressed because they could not have changed fast enough to make it to eat their meals on time among many other excuses (Kahn, 2013). In a way, that one way that they embraced their sexuality, we can often see this is social institutions outside of St. Paul. As a woman if you are going on a date with a man you are expected to look a certain way to appeal to the mans sexually. For a woman, this also occurs when you are going to an interview, if you ever take a workshop on how to have a successful interview they usually recommend women wear a skirt and a blouse with low heels. Woman dressing up to show their sexuality is not very uncommon today an d throughout history, it is one of the ways that women perform gender. At St. Paul, many of the girls had to teach and figure out their sexuality from other girls that had attended the school longer or by themselves. This was apparent when the younger girls where taught by older and more experienced girls how to use their sexuality to appeal to the young men at the school. The young girls were given pointers about how to go about their sexual exploits. Before they spend too much time with any boy, new girls are told, they should talk to the seniors in the dorm to learn his reputation (Kahn, 2013). Essentially, they are setting up the younger girls so that they can also know how to technically exploit their own sexuality. At St. Paul, the young women are essentially expected to give out signals to appeal to the young man to show that you are interested. This can be shown through performing you gender, dressing up in certain clothes, the way you speak and act to displays these sexual preferences. The idea of performing gender for young women at St. Paul was to appear feminine. That is what St. Paul taught if you were a young woman at the school then you needed to make sure that you acted and presented yourself in a feminine manner. Either you were feminine or masculine at St. Paul and if you were a young woman that did not perform your gender in accordance with a feminine way you were teased and talked about in negative ways. Khan mentions this when talking about Lynn, a young woman who was in a relationship with another girl at the school. Lynn dressed in baggy clothes and a St. Pauls sweatshirt. That was considered wrong not because of her sexual preference but because of the way that she performed her gender it was interpreted as not in a feminine way. This concept can be modified to appeal to the sense that if the young women that are attempting to establish their sexuality want to perform their gender to the fullest they should be able to do so without the limitations th at St. Paul attempts to build upon.ÂÂ   If Lynn feels more comfortable wearing baggy clothes and not dressing up or conforming to dress in a feminine manner than she should not be teased or treated differently because of that. St. Paul needs to modify the idea that if you are female you need to present yourself in a feminine way and if you are a man then you need to present yourself in a masculine way. The reality is that the students are attempting to find their own sexuality, and this cannot be fully achieved if they are limited through dress, speech, and actions. St. Paul has attempted to uphold old and outdated ideas on sexuality and performing gender. In the past women were expected to dress and act feminine no matter what their sexuality because society has closed ideals on family and upheld the patriarchal family. Although it took a while women are free to express their sexuality and dress and act in a way that feel. Even in workplace settings, an individual who identifies as female can dress in a masculine way and be working a high paying job. Over time too many women have fought to be themselves in society without being denied or mistreated from others. Many young women outside of St. Paul are str uggling with feeling comfortable in their own sexuality and expressing that the way they would like. If those girls are struggling outside of St. Paul imagine the girls that would love to express themselves in a non-feminine manner but are pressed to present themselves in a feminine way for them to be comfortable in school. In chapter four it is very clear that St. Paul is upholding the barrier that the young women need to appear feminine regardless of their way of expressing their sexuality. That barrier needs to be broken down, because when female students graduate St. Paul, they are left in a state confusion towards their sexuality; because they feel as though they cannot dress, speak, and act in a way that does not reflect feminism. If the young women are encouraged to embrace their sexuality, but are limited to expressing that only through a feminine aspect it is a contradictory concept. Although I completely agree with the idea that the young women need to find a way to embrace their sexuality, because it helps shape your identity. Many of the girls at St. Paul probably felt that they would love to dress like Lynn because it would feel comfortable for them but they were afraid of being in the same uncomfortable position and the lack of ease that came with not presenting yourself in a feminine mann er. I still feel as though if the young women are encouraged to discover and embrace their sexuality, then they should not be limited to that embracement of sexuality expressed in a strictly feminine manner. If St. Paul can adjust to the concept that young women need to be able to discover and embrace their sexuality in a way that allows them to be feminine, masculine or both than many of the women would feel more comfortable and at ease. Bibliography Khan, Shamus R. 2013. Privilege: The Making of an Adolescent Elite at St. Pauls School. Princeton University Press.

Desired Hope Essay -- Literary Analysis, Walt Whitman

The American dream is a dream that everyone hopes to one day achieve. It is what keeps the country going and develops hard workers of many. Langston Hughes’s â€Å"I, Too† and Walt Whitman’s â€Å"I Hear America Singing† is the epitome of that dream, the poems both demonstrate a certain air of aspiration for the future of America and both of the speakers want change for the better. The poem’s speakers are both men and are of the working class. Even though their jobs may not be desirable and in Hughes’s â€Å"I, Too† the speaker may be working against his will, he is still working and they are both adhering with them for that feeling of hope. After all, the working class strata are the people with the strongest appetite for that dream because the reason they are working is to eventually fulfill that American dream. In Walt Whitman’s â€Å"I Hear America Singing† the speaker is the more content of the two poems. His tone does not sound sad nor like he is not pleased with what he encounters. Even if he doesn’t like what his life consists of, Whitman writes, â€Å"The day what belongs to the day––at night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly,† (Kennedy 1096). At the end of the day whether he had a good or bad day he gets to let loose with the other hard-working men and all his hard work ultimately paid off because of this time he gets to enjoy to himself. So rather than dreading his life he is fine with what he has to do for work and looks forward to what is yet to come. This might be that this man is satisfied with his life because he really is not being held against his will to work. He has the choice to do what he wants. When one is held against his or her will it usually strips away someone of any sureness. In Langston Hughes’s â€Å"I, Too† the spe... ...es, But I laugh† (Kennedy 976). The two poems are very ambitious. They both have a sense of if they are working hard, then one day all this hard work will pay off. Although their jobs may seem similar one, being Walt Whitman’s speaker has it easier, than Langston Hughes’s speaker; because this speaker is a slave. Although Whitman’s speaker has it easier to possibly obtain that dream, he has hope, but sounds far less confident in what the future can bring him. Their lives seem as if there is nothing to do, but work, and have hope for the future. Their hope is primarily surrounded because their lives do not consist of much because they are of the working class. When one is a part of the working class there is not much financial freedom to fulfill desired experiences. It displays the impression of the harder a person has it in life the more hope that person has.

Topics in Cultural Studies Unit 3 Group Project

Abstract India, Africa, China, and the Americas all experienced syncretism in different ways and at different levels of intensity. Some benefited economically and culturally from this exchange of cultures and goods. Some would have been much better off if left alone. We will discuss the different effects of syncretism on these countries and how they are still feeling these effects today. Syncretism: the Assimilation of Cultures By definition, syncretism is the attempted union of different principles or cultures.Syncretism is a term that can be applied to English Colonists in North and South America when they attempted to merge with various native tribes. These colonists introduced many new things to the natives including religion, weapons, medicine, and various customs. The new technology was similar to magic to these groups of people who were accustomed to living among the trees and wildlife in the wilderness. Africans were able to gain from the many technological advances of the Eu ropeans. A large portion of African culture derived from European Language, religion and customs (Sayre, 2010).On the contrary, only a small portion of African culture was adapted to European culture. The Europeans could have learned much from the seemingly primitive African Nation. Unfortunately Europeans treated Africans like commodities to be bought and sold. In America, Europeans attempted syncretism with the Native Americans with moderate success. The majority of Native Americans were peaceful and open to change. It wasn’t until the European Settlers made life altering changes like destroying herds of buffalo that syncretism became difficult and resulted in events like the Trail of Tears ( The Trail of Tears , 2012).Overall the Native American and African Cultures were open to change and made little resistance to syncretism. On the other hand the Chinese were like a boulder resisting the great force of a flowing river. Archeological Evidence suggests that China was inhab ited nearly 2. 4 million years ago (Larick, 2000). Needless to say that Chinese History is extraordinarily vast and unendingly resistant to syncretism. Europeans did manage to set up trade with the Chinese and create Silk Road. European Missionaries traveled to China on many occasions. Most Significantly the Jesuit Missionaries had a great impact on China.Missionaries like Matteo Ricci moved to China and completely assimilated with their culture in order to introduce Jesuit beliefs to Buddhists and Taoists (Dunne, 1962). Although he was welcomed by the Chinese, he still found great resistance when trying to find converts. India was very similar in its reaction to syncretism because like China, India possesses a vast history. Archeological evidence suggests that Hominids walk the immense and beautiful lands of India over 500,000 years ago (Bongard-Levin, 1979). Once sea routes were found that allowed direct commerce between India and Europe, trading posts were formed.Like the Chinese the Indians welcomed Europeans and gained economically from this agreement. Although the Europeans were welcomed economically, religiously the Indians would not be moved. Missionaries like Jordanus Catalani traveled to India to save the souls of as many non-believers as possible. As the first Bishop in India he acted as a liaison for the Pope and found many converts in India (Ricci Institute, 2012). Although many were converted to Christianity most of India remained Hindu with no desire to convert. India never changed its culture as a whole.Although influenced by Europeans, India kept its ancient culture and way of life. Both China and India welcomed European visitors but resisted change because of their long standing histories and cultures. All four cultures had their own way of life before settlers attempted to add their way of life into the recipe. Length of time as a group did play into the amount resistance each group demonstrated. Another factor that came into play was the am ount of difficulty syncretism would cause each culture. Native American found little difficulty trading with English Settler until the demands of settlers became more and more unreasonable.Eventually most of the Native Americans were enslaved, killed, or expelled from what had been their home for thousands of years. Africans were similarly taken advantage of when European Colonists enslaved and sometimes discarded many. Africa gained much from European Colonization but also found more and more difficulty with syncretism. India and China took full advantage of economic gains of syncretism but never fully gave up their way of life. Today Africa, America, India, and China all have varying levels of cultural change as a result of syncretism. All have a presence of Christianity as a religion till this day. 2. percent of India are Christian while 4 percent of China and 40 percent of Africa share this faith (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012). In Africa, unfortunately one of the most lasti ng effects of syncretism is racism and the system of apartheid. India gained its independence from Britain in 1947 and still is an independent nation. India still has keeps many influences from British Government and relations between the UK and India are friendly. Had syncretism not occurred in the Americas, I believe that Native Americans would still live the way that had been living thousands of years before European Colonists forced syncretism on them.The South America the great cities of the Amazon would still be there today. Although technology would not be as advanced as it is now, life would be much more sustainable. These native cultures survived for many thousands of years because of their ability to live with nature not attempting to control nature. If cultural syncretism had taken root during early encounters in China and India unfortunately both of these countries might have suffered the same fate as Africa and the Americas.There would almost certainly be Indian and Chi nese slaves and these countries would have been forced to assimilate as much as the European Colonists felt was convenient. Many more people in China and India would be speaking English today and would be praying to Jesus Christ. Like a priceless masterpiece being thrown into mud, these cultures would have been tarnished or even destroyed. ? References: The Trail of Tears . (2012, November 25). Retrieved from Resource Bank: http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h1567. html Bongard-Levin, G. (1979). A History of India. Progress Publishers: Moscow. Central Intelligence Agency. (2012, November 20).Field Listing :: Religions. Retrieved from The World Factbook: https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122. html Dunne, G. (1962). Generation of Giants. Notre Dame : University of Notre Dame Press. . Larick, R. C. (2000, February). Early Homo erectus Tools in China . Retrieved from Archeology: http://www. archaeology. org/0001/newsbriefs/china. html Ricci Institut e. (2012, November 25). Jordanus, Catalani, Bishop of Columbum, fl. 1302-1330. Retrieved from Ricci Roundtable: http://ricci. rt. usfca. edu/biography/view. aspx? biographyID=1415 Sayre, H. (2010). Discovering the Humanities. New Jersey: Pearson.

William Shakespeares Sonnet 18

William Shakespeares Sonnet 18 is part of a group of 126 sonnets Shakespeare wrote that are addressed to a young man of great beauty and promise. In this group of sonnets, the speaker urges the young man to marry and perpetuate his virtues through children, and warns him about the destructive power of time, age, and moral weakness. Sonnet 18 focuses on the beauty of the young man, and how beauty fades, but his beauty will not because it will be remembered by everyone who reads this poem. Shakespeare starts the poem with a metaphoric question in line one asking if e should compare the man to a summers day. This asks if he should compare the beauty of a summers day to the beauty of the young man about whom Shakespeare is writing. Line two of this poem states Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Temperate is used as a synonym for moderate by the author. In line two the speaker is describing the man as more lovely and more moderate than a summers day. This emphasizes the mans beauty and how the man is viewed by the speaker. Line three, Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, tells hy the mans beauty is greater than that of a summers day. Shakespeare uses rough winds to symbolize imperfections. The speaker is implying that there are no imperfections in the young man, but there are in the summer, so the man cannot be compared to a summers day. In line four the speaker adds to this thought by saying that the summer also does not last as long as the mans beauty therefore it cannot be compared to it. Line five states another imperfection of the summer. Shakespeare uses the eye of heaven as a metaphor in this line to describe the un. In line six Shakespeare uses the phrase gold complexion dimmed to describe the sun again which means that sometimes the sun is not hot enough, and that, as said in line five, sometimes the sun is too hot. In lines seven and eight the speaker ends the complication by describing how nature is never perfect. Line nine starts the resolution of the poem by using the conjunction but.. Eternal summer in line nine is referring back to the mans eternal beauty, using summer to symbolize beauty, and saying that the mans beauty will never fail like he summers beauty. In lines ten, eleven, and twelve the speaker says that the man, When in eternal lines to time thou growst (line 12) or when he grows old, will not lose possession of what is fair to him, and Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade (line 11) or he will not be poor in health and close to dying. Lines thirteen and fourteen say that as long as this poem is read, the mans beauty will never go away, because every time someone reads the poem they will be reminded of his beauty. This poem that Shakespeare wrote, in the octave, describes how all beauty fades except for the man about whom Shakespeare is writing. The octave also tells of how great the mans beauty is compared to everything else that is beautiful. In the sestet, the poem tells about how the mans beauty stays alive and out lives all other beauty. The poem is written in iambic pentameter. Shakespeare makes use of much symbolism and many other figurative devices in this poem that contribute and emphasize to the overall theme of the poem.